Statistical Terms Glossary

A term first used to describe non-market services which are difficult to compare across countries because: they have no economically-significant prices with which to value outputs, their units of output cannot be otherwise defined and measured, the institutional arrangements for their provision and the conditions of payment differ from country to country, and their quality varies between countries but the differences cannot be identified and quantified.

Average hourly compensation cost is a measure intended to represent employers¡¦ expenditure on the benefits granted to their employees as compensation for an hour of labour. These benefits accrue to employees, either directly ƒ{ in the form of total gross earnings ƒ{ or indirectly ƒ{ in terms of employers¡¦ contributions to compulsory, contractual and private social security schemes, pension plans, casualty or life insurance schemes and benefit plans in respect of their employees.

Compensation of employees is the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an enterprise to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period.

Compensation of employees has two main components:

(a) Wages and salary payable in cash or in kind;

(b) Social insurance contributions payable by employers.

IMF facility to provide timely compensation to member countries experiencing temporary shortfalls in export earnings owing to circumstances largely beyond their control or to those experiencing excess casts of grain imports.

The Government of the State whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly.

A licensed local operator in the US and Canada which is not the incumbent local operator, or ILEC.

Competition refers to a situation in a market in which firms or sellers independently strive for the patronage of buyers in order to achieve a particular business objective, e.g., profits, sales and/or market share.

The situation when the use of one (environmental) function is at the expense of the same or another function now, or is expected to be so in the future.

are antitrust and related policies (e.g., intellectual property regulations) designed to foster or restrict competition and which may have an impact on foreign trade and investment.

See: Dominant firm

A service is competitive if the market for the provision of that service can sustain a high level of competition - that is, many simultaneous competing operators. Compare with non-competitive services.

A plant’s ability to exploit essential resources such as light, water and nutrients at the expense of other plants. This may be influenced by resistance to herbivores, herbicides or pathogens.

Two or more services are complementary when both or all are required to obtain the final combined or bundled service that the end-user wants. For example, car bodies, car engines and car tires are complementary - all must be combined to obtain the final service that consumers want (in this case car transportation services).

The child has received both breast milk and solid or semi-solid food, i.e. juice, formula, etc.

Collection of data from all units, rather than from just a sample of units.

A financial market place is said to be complete when a market exists with an equilibrium price for every asset in every possible state of the world.

The union of explicit edits and implied edits. Necessary for the generation of feasible regions for imputation (if one wants imputations to satisfy edits).

The number of children born per woman to a cohort of women by the end of their childbearing years.

Is the average number of children born to a given generation of women throughout their fertile lives.

The extent to which all statistics that are needed are available.

Participation in all components of an educational programme (including final exams if any), irrespective of the result of any potential assessment of achievement of learning objectives.

Successful completion of an education programme sufficient for level completion. At ISCED levels 1 and 4-8, the successful completion of a programme meeting the content and minimum duration criteria for the given level is considered as level completion. At ISCED levels 2 and 3 the successful completion of any programme granting access to programmes at higher ISCED levels (i.e. ISCED level 3 in the case of ISCED level 2 programmes and ISCED level 5, 6 or 7 in the case of ISCED level 3 programmes) is counted as level completion as is the completion of any terminal programme meeting the content, minimum duration (2 years) and cumulative duration criteria for the respective ISCED level (i.e. 8 years since the start of ISCED level 1 in the case of ISCED level 2 programmes and 11 years in the case of ISCED level 3 programmes).

In the context of export credits, the risk of nonpayment by a non-sovereign or private sector buyer or borrower in his or her domestic currency arising from default, insolvency, and/or a failure to take up in the context of the HIPC Initiative, when the IMF and World Bank Executive Boards decide that a country has met the conditions for assistance under the Initiative.

The percentage of a cohort of children or young people aged 3-5 years above the intended age for the last grade of each level of education who have completed that grade. The intended age for the last grade of each level of education is the age at which pupils would enter the grade if they had started school at the official primary entrance age, had studied full-time and had progressed without repeating or skipping a grade.

It refers to the sample which is selected using two or more types of samples.

Expenditure undertaken with the main objective of protecting the environment but specifically in order to comply with environmental protection legislation, conventions and voluntary agreements. This can be further sub-divided to show those activities and transactions undertaken in order to comply with legislation only.

The system of measures designed and implemented to ensure compliance with legislation and regulations, including inter alia a monitoring, control and surveillance system.