Statistical Terms Glossary

Derivatives whose value derives from the price of a commodity.

Is the European Union’s agricultural policy. Its objectives were set forth in Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome (1957). During CAP's long history, it has been reviewed and reformed several times. The most important milestones in recent years are the 1992 reform, the Agenda 2000, the 2003 reform, the simplification of the CAP, the 2008 Health Check and the CAP post-2013.

The EU Commission has published a Communication on the Mid-Term Review on the Common Agricultural Policy in July 2002, in January 2003 the Commission adopted a formal proposal. A formal decision on the "Cap reform" - a long-term perspective for sustainable agriculture was taken by the EU farm ministers. The reform includes far reaching amendments of current policies, including further reductions in support prices, partly offset by direct payments, and a further decoupling of most direct payments from current production.

See: Control of enterprises, Holding company

An architecture for providing high security for transactions over the Internet. It makes extensive use of security certificates and portable digital tokens which store KEYS and carry out ENCRYPTION and DECRYPTION.

Is the European Union’s basic framework for managing the fisheries in the waters of Member states. The CFP was drawn up in 1970 in order to institutionalise co- operation between the EU member states over fisheries management; formal principles were established in 1983 based on Articles 38 and 39 of the Treaty of Rome, and were later reinforced in Article 3 of the (Maastricht) Treaty on European Union.

See: Frozen frame

Is a standard protocol that defines how webserver software can delegate the generation of webpages to a console application. Such applications are known as CGI scripts; they can be written in any programming language, although scripting languages are often used

This refers to common rights over shared resources, which are governed by common rules aimed at protecting and perpetuating this resource. it may be invested with a specific legal status and may involve various legal entities which share the objective of protection and conservation of the resource, declared to be the common heritage of the village community, region, nation or humankind. the term can also be used to recognize the claims of groups that lack formal legal status, for example a village community that does not have a recognized legal entity.; The idea of governance extended to include natural resources and endowments. Understood as access to a public good wherein there is no clearly defined political process in which users cede rights to a negotiated regulatory body, often extending across juridical boundaries.

A common market is a customs union with provisions to liberalise movement of regional production facts (people and capital). The Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR) of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay is an example of a common market.

A multilateral agreement on trade, including agricultural trade, between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela and Bolivia. The agreement was signed in 1991 and came into effect on 1 January 1995.

The common organisation of the sugar market (CMO) in the European Union was established in 1968 to ensure a fair income to community sugar producers and self-supply of the Community market.

Land not belonging directly to the agricultural holding, but on which common rights apply. In general terms, common pasture is agricultural area owned by a public authority (state, parish, etc.) over which another person is entitled to exercise rights of common; these rights are generally exercisable in common with others.

Common property resources (environmental) are natural resources owned and managed collectively by a community or society rather than by individuals

Units of ownership in a public corporation.

Refers to a person exchanging information or ideas with other people through language. People may communicate using their voices or making signs or writing information down.

More properly known as Augmentative and alternative communication devices, these refer to systems that include pictures, gestures, and computer technology that are designed to facilitate communication by and to persons with communication difficulties.

Inability to exchange information and ideas with others and engage with them through the use of speech, or use signs, or write the information they want to share with others. This may be due to the result of a deficiency in hearing or speech, or lack of intellectual capacity to interpret and understand others.

A method of communicate and exchange data among institutions and individuals where through phone call we can penetrate to information technology community by wired and wireless, satellite…etc, services.

The local management unit, comprising i) a number of persons bounded by a shared culture, consisting of e.g. language, religion, social organization and values; and ii) the surrounding environment which provides the basis of their livelihood and the focus of their subsistence activities. The spatial character of the community, meaning the habitation part as well as the surrounding environment, may or may not be clearly delineated from the point of view of the outside (the term "village" accordingly should not be used). There will often be disagreements between the members of the community and the State as to the spatial extent of the community and the character and extent of the rights to extraction of natural resources (Kuper and Kuper, 1989).

Activities undertaken primarily by men at the community level, organizing at the formal political level, often within the framework of national politics. This work is usually undertaken by men and may be paid directly or result in increased power and status.

Is a system of providing television to consumers via radio frequency signals transmitted to televisions through fixed optical fibers or coaxial cables as opposed to the over-the-air method used in traditional television broadcasting (via radio waves) in which a television antenna is required. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephony, and similar non-television services may also be provided