Statistical Terms Glossary

Every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier.

A child allowance is a sum of money paid periodically to a single parent of a child until he/she will have attained a certain age.

Child Benefit is payable to families with children on the basis of the number of eligible children in the household.

It is the number of children aged under 15 years old per 100 of the working-age population (15-64 years) in a specified time period.

The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It refers to work that:
1. is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and 2. interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work. In its most extreme forms, child labour involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses and/or left to fend for themselves on the streets of large cities – often at a very early age. Whether or not particular forms of “work” can be called “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type and hours of work performed, the conditions under which it is performed and the objectives pursued by individual countries. The answer varies from country to country, as well as among sectors within countries. Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. Children’s or adolescents’ participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling is generally regarded as being something positive. This includes activities such as helping their parents around the home, assisting in a family business or earning pocket money outside school hours and during school holidays. These kinds of activities contribute to children’s development and to the welfare of their families; they provide them with skills and experience, and help to prepare them to be productive members of society during their adult life.

Child marriage, or early marriage, is any marriage where at least one of the parties is under 18 years of age. A child marriage is considered to be a form of forced marriage, given that one and/or both parties have not expressed full, free and informed consent.

Child mortality rate refers to the annual number of deaths in the 1-4 years age group per 1 000 of the population aged 1-4.

The number of children alive who were born by a woman before. If we say, for example, "women in second place", this means that each of them gave birth to the two children until now, and if we say "women in the zero rank", it means that they have not had children yet.

The imposition of sexual acts, or acts with sexual overtones, by one or more persons on a child (Save the Children, 2003). It includes:• Child Pornography; Pornographie des Enfants:The visual depiction of a child engaged in explicit sexual conduct, real or simulated, or the lewd exhibition of the genitals intended for the sexual gratification of the user, and involves the production, distribution and/or use of such material (WHO, 1996).• Child/Juvenile Prostitution; Prostitution des Enfants: The act of engaging or offering the services of a child to perform sexual acts for money or other consideration with that person or any other person (Ennew, 1986). • Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children; Exploitation Sexuelle Commerciale des Enfants: Sexual abuse by adults with remuneration in cash or kind to the child or a third person or persons. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object (Clift and Simon, 2000).• Molestation; Harcèlement Sexuel des Enfants: Illegal sexual behaviors toward minors such as fondling; may include behaviors such as showing pornography to minors or making lewd proposals to minors (American Psychiatric Association, DSM IV, 2000).• Hands-Off Offense; Offense Sexuelle Sans Toucher:Sexual offenses such as indecent exposure, making obscene phone calls, and “peeping” that do not involve physical contact with the victim, distinguished from hands-on offenses such as rape or molestation. (National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth, 2003).

The reproductive age span of women, assumed for statistical purposes to be 15-49 years of age.

Provision of public, private, individual or collective services to meet the needs of parents and children.

Childcare and family care cover the provision of public, private, individual or collective services to meet the needs of children, parents, and members of the immediate family. The availability of facilities enabling workers to discharge care responsibilities is an important aspect of the promotion of equality of treatment between women and men workers with family responsibilities, and between such workers and other workers. To prevent discrimination against women on the grounds of marriage or maternity and to ensure their effective right to work, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) indicates that States parties to it shall take appropriate measures to encourage the provision of the necessary supporting social services to enable parents to combine family obligations with work responsibilities and participation in public life, in particular through promoting the establishment and development of a network of childcare facilities.

There is no unique international definition available although in many reports 0-18 years has been used. Therefore, the national definitions for children are to be used. An additional breakdown by pre-school, primary, and secondary school ages is desirable.

Percentage of children under five that are underweight = (Number of children under age five that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median weight for age of the NCHS/WHO standard (moderate and severe))*100/ Total number of children under age five that were weighted. The NCHS/WHO reference standard represents the distribution of height and weight by age and sex in a well-nourished population. In a well-nourished population, 2.3 percent of children fall below minus two standard deviations.

The number of children under five years of age per 1,000 women in the population (15-49 age). This inaccurate scale is used, which is based on basic data for a census or survey, when more specific data on fertility are not available.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons is a class of persistent, broad-spectrum insecticides that linger in the environment and accumulate in the food chain.

Adding chlorine to an irrigation system to counteract clogging caused by organic materials such as algae and bacterial slime.; A water purification process in which chlorine is added to water for disinfection, for the control of present microorganisms.

Chloro-fluorocarbons (CFCs) are inert, non-toxic and easily liquefied chemicals used in refrigeration, air-conditioning, packaging and insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants.

(Fisheries) In chromosome-set manipulation, temperature, chemical and pressure shocks applied to fish eggs can be used to produce individuals that have three sets of chromosomes rather than the usual two. These triploid organisms generally do not channel energy into reproduction and thus are functionally sterile.

A disorder or impairment of the normal state of well-being which need continuous treatment, diagnosed by a specialist.

Are those where the onset is usually insidious, with a gradual progression of symptoms or with problems of a more permanent nature resulting as sequels to a series of acute conditions. Daily activities may or may not be restricted during any given period although there is usually a more general series of limitations of activities.

Excessive trading of a client's account, in order to increase brokerage commissions.

The c.i.f. price (i.e. cost, insurance and freight price) is the price of a good delivered at the frontier of the importing country, including any insurance and freight charges incurred to that point, or the price of a service delivered to a resident, before the payment of any import duties or other taxes on imports or trade and transport margins within the country.

Average number of cinema visits per capita (population aged between 5 and 79 years old) in the last 12 months.