Statistical Terms Glossary

The encrypted form of data.

Establishes a dedicated physical connection between end points for the duration of that communication session.

Denotes the transfer of an individual set of bits within a TDM time-slot over a connection between an input port and an output port within a given circuit-switching node through the circuit-switching fabric.

An index number property such that the algebraic product of the price index comparing period j with period i and the price index comparing period k with period j is equal to the price index that compares period k directly with period i.

Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.

A cross-currency interest rate swap involving exchanges of amounts computed at a fixed rate in one currency against a floating rate in another currency.

Is a second-level Cisco Career certification that indicates a foundation in apprentice knowledge of networking. CCNA certification validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size routed and switched networks, including implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN

A tank or an underground reservoir used to collect water in the form of runoff from a rock-lined catchment or other suitable, nonporous surface. Cisterns are often used to store rainwater from rooftops.

Are citizens returning to their own country as a result of deportation procedures against them in another country.

Are persons who arrive in their own country but do not enter it formally because they are on their way to another destination.

Citizenship is defined as the particular legal bond between an individual and his/her State. A citizen is a legal national of the country of enumeration; a foreigner is a non-national of the country (that is, a citizen of another country). Because the country of citizenship is not necessarily identical to the country of birth, both items should be collected in a census.

Major commercial bank, located in a city, dealing with corporations and major accounts (as compared to a local bank).

Two cities between which travel is authorized by a passenger ticket or part of a ticket or between which freight and mail shipments are made in accordance with a shipment document or a part of it (air waybill or mail delivery bill).

Civil engineering includes all construction work not classified under building construction, that is, construction of railways, roads, bridges, highways, airports, water and sewage, dams and irrigation, etc.

Is an official loose-leaf file or a ledger book for each type of vital event where vital events and changes in the civil status occurring to the population in a well-defined area (e.g. a county, district, municipality, parish and so on) are legally registered, following established procedures.

refers to government machinery set up in the country, province, state or other territorial subdivision of the country to do both the recording of vital events for legal purposes and the compilation of vital statistics from those records, as provided in the laws and regulations of the country.

Estimated level of coverage of deaths that are registered with cause-of-death information.

Refers to governmental machinery set up in the country, state, province or any other territorial subdivision of the country for the purpose of legal recording of vital events related to the civil status of the population on a continuous basis, as provided by the laws and regulations of the country, state, province, etc.

A civil servant is an employee of the civil service.

The multitude of associations around which society voluntarily organizes itself and which represent a wide range of interests and ties. These can include community-based organisations, indigenous peoples’ organisations and non-government organisations.

Non-state, not-for-profit, voluntary organizations formed by people in that social sphere. This term is used to describe a wide range of organizations, networks, associations, groups and movements that are independent from government and that sometimes come together to advance their common interests through collective action. Traditionally, civil society includes all organizations that occupy the 'social space' between the family and the state, excluding political parties and firms. Some definitions of civil society also include certain businesses, such as the media, private schools, and for-profit associations, while others exclude them.

Corresponds to the Total labour force excluding armed forces.

The entitlement of a creditor to repayment of a Loan; by extension, the loan itself of the outstanding amount thereof.

Payments made to exporters or banks, after the claims-waiting period, by an export credit agency on insured or guaranteed loans when the original borrower or borrowing-country guarantor fails to pay. These are recorded by the agencies as unrecovered claims until they are recovered from the debtor or the debtor’s guarantor.

The period that exporters or banks must wait after the due-date of payment before the export credit agency will pay on the corresponding claim.

Clandestine employment is a sole or secondary gainful non-casual occupation that is carried out in violation of provisions set by legislation. In particular, it is characterized by non-compliance with labour standards and social security provisions on the part of the employer. Strictly speaking, remunerated work, which is not protected through contributions to the social security system, should be considered clandestine. However, there are different views of what constitutes clandestine labour in developed and developing countries, reflecting the strength and effectiveness of the relevant legal provisions in each country. Much clandestine employment is in the informal economy. However, clandestinity cannot always be equated with informality. Informal employment is more likely to be considered clandestine in the developed countries, whereas in most developing countries, where the majority of people may live in traditional social contexts and may not even be aware of national legislation, informal productive activities are not usually thought of as clandestine.