Statistical Terms Glossary

The birth of an enterprise group is the establishing of a link of control, direct or indirect, between two or more independent legal units, where no link of control existed before and no other enterprise group is involved.

A birth is characterized by the creation of a combination of production factors with the restriction that no other enterprises are involved in the event. Births do not include creation of entries into the population due to mergers, break-ups, split-off or restructuring of a set of enterprises. It does not include entries into a sub population resulting only from a change of activity. A birth means the enterprise starts from scratch and actually starts activity. An enterprise creation can be considered as an enterprise birth if new production factors, in particular new jobs, are created. If a dormant unit is reactivated within two years, this event is not considered a birth.

A clear variation in the angle of the corpus calcareum. It corresponds to a growth rate acceleration in the individual.

The theoretical date when fish hatched.

The number of live births in a year expressed as a percentage of the population or per 1,000 people.

Average annual number of births over a given period. The data refer to five-year periods running from 1 July of the initial year to 30 June of the final year and data are presented in thousands.

Number of births over a given period classified by age group of mother (15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44 and 45-49). The data refer to five-year periods running from 1 July of the initial year to 30 June of the final year. Data are presented in thousands.

Bisexual (sometimes shortened to “bi”) people may be attracted to individuals of the same or different sex. Sexual orientation is distinct from gender identity and sex characteristics.

Clause in loan agreement that entitles a borrower to postpone payments of interest and principal for limited periods of time in balance of payments difficulties.

Bi-level image.

Solid, semi-solid or viscous hydrocarbon with a colloidal structure, being brown to black in colour, obtained as a residue in the distillation of crude oil, vacuum distillation of oil residues from atmospheric distillation.

A medium-rank hard coal with either a gross calorific value (moist, ash-free basis) not less than 24 MJ/kg and with a vitrinite mean random reflectance less than 2.0 per cent, or a gross calorific value (moist, ash-free basis) less than 24 MJ/kg provided that the vitrinite mean random reflectance is equal to or greater than 0.6 per cent.

BKB are composition fuels manufactured from lignite/brown coal, produced by briquetting under high pressure.

The alkaline-spent liquor obtained from the digesters during the production of sulphate or soda pulp required for paper manufacture.

ICCAT Contracting parties agreed to establish a positive or "white list" of vessels authorised to fish tuna and swordfish in the Atlantic. Those on the list will be the only legitimate vessels which may land these species. This innovative system aims to ensure that ICCAT members exercise the necessary control over their fleet and prevent their vessels from engaging in illegal operations. At the same time, a "black list" of vessels from non-Contracting parties which have engaged in IUU activities, has been established. Although the effectiveness of this system has been weakened in the past by constant changing of flag and registration by vessels included on the list, it nonetheless constitutes a basis allowing ICCAT to invoke trade sanctions against flag states whose vessels have been involved in illegal fishing. ICCAT was the first Regional Fisheries Organisation to encourage the application of trade sanctions to non-contracting flag States involved in IUU fishing.

Black-Scholes formula (developed by Fischer Black and Myron Scholes) prices the value of a European option on a financial asset, given its price, the exercise price, the time to maturity, the risk-free interest rate and the asset’s expected standard deviation/volatility.

A Memorandum of Understanding on Oilseeds (often referred to as the 'Blair House Agreement') was negotiated with the US during the GATT Uruguay Round negotiations in 1992. Furthermore, it paved the way for the Uruguay Round Agreement. While allowing European Community support for the production of certain oilseeds to continue, it established a number of restrictions on this support. In particular, it placed a limitation on the supported area, which should not exceed 5.482 million hectares3.

Blast furnace gas is produced during the combustion of coke in blast furnaces in the iron and steel industry. It is recovered and used as a fuel partly within the plant and partly in other steel industry processes or in power stations equipped to burn it.

Country eligible to receive financing rom both IBRD and IDA.

Financing from both IBRD and IDA.

Grant element for a blend country receiving both IBRD loans and IDA credit.

Combined interest rate for a blend country receiving IBRD loans and IDA credit.

A blending of different learning environments. This can mean also blending methods, techniques or resources and applying them in an interactively meaningful learning environment. Learners should have easy access to different learning resources in order to apply the knowledge and skills they learn under the supervision and support of the teacher inside and outside the classroom. This approach will combine face-to-face instruction with computer-mediated instruction