Statistical Terms Glossary

The standard broadband technologies in most areas are DSL and cable modems. Newer technologies in use include VDSL and pushing optical fiber connections closer to the subscriber in both telephone and cable plants. Fiber-optic communication, while only recently being used in fiber to the premises and fiber to the curb schemes, has played a crucial role in enabling Broadband Internet access by making transmission of information over larger distances much more cost-effective than copper wire technology. In a few areas not served by cable or ADSL, community organizations have begun to install Wi-Fi networks, and in some cities and towns local governments are installing municipal Wi-Fi networks. As of 2006, broadband mobile Internet access has become available at the consumer level in some countries, using the HSDPA and EV-DO technologies. The newest technology being deployed for mobile and stationary broadband access is WiMAX

A fairly new technology that provides high-speed wireless internet and data network access over a wide area. According to the 802.16-2004 standard, broadband means 'having instantaneous bandwidth greater than around 1 MHz and supporting data rates greater than about 1.5 Mbit/s. This means that Wireless Broadband features speeds roughly equivalent to wired broadband access, such as that of ADSL or a cable modem.

In foreign exchange, disparity among three or more rates, e.g. if DM 1 = 30 cents and FF 1.5 while FF 1 = 22 cents a Deutschmark will bring 30 cents if converted directly but 33 if converted first into francs and then into dollars.

Person who acts as intermediary between buyer and seller, usually for a commission.

Funds borrowed by a broker, mainly from banks, for purchasing securities for customers on margin or other reasons.

The rate banks charge to securities dealers and brokers on loans made with stock as collateral.

Acting as an intermediary between buyer and seller in securities transactions.

Brokers and agents are individuals or firms that arrange, execute, or otherwise facilitate client transactions in financial assets.

Brown coal is calculated as the sum of bituminous coal and lignite.

A non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value of less than 23 860 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) in a condition free of wet ash and containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on a dry mineral free basis.
Note: It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content and because it is the coal that is most harmful to health. It is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

Are plants manufacturing brown coal briquettes (BKB).

A composition fuel made of brown coal produced by briquetting under high pressure with or without the addition of a binding agent.

A non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific c value of less than 23 860 kJ/kg (5 700 kcal/kg) in a condition free of wet ash and containing more than 31 per cent volatile matter on a dry mineral free basis.

A program used to locate and view Web pages. These include Netscape, Mosaic, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and others.

See domestic resource cost ratio.

A calendar indicating the key dates in the process of preparing and approving the budget. These would include the date the budget circular is issued, time period for discussing estimates with the ministries and departments, the date the executive budget is submitted to the legislature, legislative review including dates for budget hearings, and the date the budget appropriations bill should be passed by the legislature. There may be other important steps in the process, which varies by country.

Includes the annual budget presentation, the budget-supporting documents, including but not limited to background to policy proposals and discussion of fiscal risks, within-year budget reports for monitoring budget execution, and the final accounts.

Refers to the process whereby an organisation will plan for its future financial activities.

A building is any independent free-standing structure comprising one or more rooms or other spaces, covered by a roof and usually enclosed within external walls or dividing walls that extend from the foundations to the roof. However, in tropical areas, a building may consist of a roof with supports only, that is to say, without constructed walls; in some cases, a roofless structure consisting of a space enclosed by walls may be considered a “building”.

Building codes are building regulations concerning materials, structural design, construction practices, safety, building services (lighting, ventilation, electricity, heating/air conditioning, escalators, plumbing, water supply, drainage and so forth) and specifications for appropriate administrative and technical control

For this method in the compilation of construction price indices the cubic metre is used as a common denominator to compare the costs of a recent construction to costs in a base period. An index of the value per cubic metre is calculated and adjusted for differences in volume, quality, period, and region. These adjustments enable a price index to be prepared. However, the use of this method requires the construction activity included to be homogenous. The index is valid only for each reference building, etc. as it was originally built.

Agreed under the Uruguay Round were a range of selective negotiations, in the areas of trade in agriculture, trade in services and aspects of intellectual property that would continue regardless of whether there was a subsequent round of global trade talks.