Statistical Terms Glossary

Is the area under the effective control of a single government. It includes the land area of a country, including islands, airspace, territorial waters and territorial enclaves in the rest of the world.

The economic territory of a country consists of the geographic territory administered by a government; within this territory, persons, goods, and capital circulate freely.

The economic territory of a country consists of the geographic territory administered by a government within which persons, goods, and capital circulate freely.

It includes: (a) the airspace, territorial waters, and continental shelf lying in international waters over which the country enjoys exclusive rights or over which it has, or claims to have, jurisdiction in respect of the right to fish or to exploit fuels or minerals below the sea bed; (b) territorial enclaves in the rest of the world; and (c) any free zones, or bonded warehouses or factories operated by offshore enterprises under customs control (these form part of the economic territory of the country in which they are physically located).

The economic territory of an international organisation consists of the territorial enclave, or enclaves, over which it has jurisdiction; these consist of clearly demarcated areas of land or structures which the international organisation owns or rents and which it uses for the purposes for which the organisation was created by formal agreement with the country, or countries, in which the enclave or enclaves are physically located.

An economic union is a common market with provisions for the harmonisation of certain economic policies, particularly macroeconomic and regulatory. The European Union is an example of an economic union

An economic unit is a legal unit, or part of a legal unit, with economic production as defined in the current version of the SNA.

The value of a crop raised by a unit of irrigation water if run continuously throughout the life of the crop.

Economic violence is said to occur when an individual denies his intimate partner access to financial resources, typically as a form of abuse or control or in order to isolate her or to impose other adverse consequences to her well-being.

The economically active population comprises all persons of either sex who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods and services, as defined by the United Nations Systems of National Accounts, during a specified time-reference period.

Prices are said to be economically significant when they have a significant influence on the amounts the producers are willing to supply and on the amounts purchasers wish to buy

Economies of scale refers to the phenomenon where the average costs per unit of output decrease with the increase in the scale or magnitude of the output being produced by a firm.
Similarly, the opposite phenomenon, diseconomies of scale, occurs when the average unit costs of production increase beyond a certain level of output. At the point where the average costs are at a minimum, the minimum efficient scale (MES) of output of a firm or plant is reached.
A distinction is often made between different types of economies of scale such as:
- Product specific economies of scale; and
- Plant specific economies of scale.

Economies of scope exist when it is cheaper to produce two products together (joint production) than to produce them separately.

An account that provides an aggregate overview of annual material inputs and outputs of an economy in tonnes.

An ecoregion is a homogeneous area of one or more ecosystems that interact with relatively self—contained human activities

The ecosphere refers to the biosphere, together with all the ecological factors that operate upon organisms

An organizational unit consisting of an aggregation of plants, animals (including humans) and microorganisms, along with the non-living components of the environment.

An account that describes the stocks of various categories of ecosystems (biotopes and biocoenosis) and the changes in these stocks.

Ecosystem inputs cover the substances absorbed from the ecosystem for purposes of production and consumption such as the gases needed for combustion and production processes as well as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and nutrients.

The rate of organic matter accumulation in an ecosystem. The change in the rate of organic matter accumulation over multiple rotations or generations is the ideal means of determining changes in long-term ecosystem productivity.

Ecosystem services cover the provision of ecosystem inputs, the assimilative capacity of the environment and the provision of biodiversity.

1. The term has been defined as "an approach that takes major ecosystem components and services - both structural and functional - into account in managing fisheries. (continues) It values habitat, embraces a multispecies perspective, and is committed to understanding ecosystem processes. (continues) Its goal is to rebuild and sustain populations, species, biological communities and marine ecosystems at high levels of productivity and biological diversity so as not to jeopardize a wide range of goods and services from marine ecosystems while providing food, revenues and recreation for humans" (Anonymous, 1998).; 2. Ecosystem-based management is an approach that takes major ecosystem components and services - both structural and functional - into account in managing fisheries. It values habitat, embraces a multispecies perspective, and is committed to understanding ecosystem processes. Its goal is to achieve sustainability by appropriate fishery management. (US National Research Council (1999)).; 3. The overarching principles of ecosystem-based management of fisheries (continues) aim to ensure that, despite variability, uncertainty and likely natural changes in the ecosystem, the capacity of the aquatic ecosystems to produce food, revenues, employment and, more generally, other essential services and livelihood, is maintained indefinitely for the benefit of the present and future generations (continues) to cater both for human as well as ecosystem well-being. This implies conservation of ecosystem structures, processes and interactions through sustainable use. This implies consideration of a range of frequently conflicting objectives and the needed consensus may not be achievable without equitable distribution of benefits.

The smallest landscape unit in the ecological holarchy.

Ecotourism is travel undertaken to witness the unique natural or ecological quality of particular sites or regions, including the provision of services to facilitate such travel

See Ecoregion

Art and culture innovation, organized by platforms, and recognized by funders.

ECOLOGY: The proliferation of species common to two neighbouring biotopes, which creates very restricted ecological conditions.; FORESTRY: the effect on trees - adapted to conditions inside the forest - of the sudden exposure to new conditions (such as temperature) when clear- cutting next to them makes them the new edge of the forest; IRRIGATION, FERTILIZERS: Plants growing along the sides and ends of plots frequently are larger than those in the middle of the plot because of greater available fertility or water supply.

A basket price index in which the quantities in the basket are simple arithmetic averages of the quantities consumed in the two periods.

Electronic Data Interchange for administration, commerce and transport. EDIFACT was prepared by UN/ECE Trade Division and adopted by ISO/TC 154. The UN/ECE has also prepared Message Design Guidelines which are included in the UN/ECE Trade Data Interchange Directory. The standard was published in 1988 and amended with very small changes in 1990.