Statistical Terms Glossary

Housework such as sweeping, cleaning utensils, washing clothes, cooking, caring of children and such other work which is carried out for an employer for remuneration. Comprise a significant part of the global workforce in informal employment and are among the most vulnerable groups of workers. They work for private households, often without clear terms of employment, unregistered in any book, and excluded from the scope of labour legislation.

Domestic workers are persons exclusively engaged by households to render domestic services for payment in cash or in kind.

A domestically controlled enterprise group is a multinational group where the global decision-centre is in the country compiling the business register.

A dominant firm is one which accounts for a significant share of a given market and has a significantly larger market share than its next largest rival. Dominant firms are typically considered to have market shares of 40 per cent or more.

See Dominant firm, Price leadership

A method that pairs each record requiring imputation, the recipient or candidate record, with one record from a defined donor population as, for example, in hot deck imputation.

A unit is said to be dormant if it is legally alive and has legal personality, but does not carry on any activity and has neither employment nor turnover.

Dose-response functions measure the relationship between exposure to pollution as a cause and specific outcomes as an effect. They refer to damages/production losses incurred in the current year, regardless of when the pollution occurs.

The dose-effect relationship is the relationship between the dose of harm-producing substances or factors and the severity of their effect on exposed organisms or matter

The dose—response relationship refers to changes in the prevalence or incidence of a given effect associated with changes in the level of a possible cause

The fraction of all incident smear-positive cases that are detected by DOTS programmes is the DOTS detection rate which is a ratio of the annual new smear-positive notifications (under DOTS) to estimated annual new smear-positive incidence (country). The value of the denominator comes from WHO's estimates for each country.

Treatment success is defined as the proportion of registered patients who were cured plus the proportion who completed treatment to all registered cases.

Tax-exempt bond with at least two potential sources of repayment, such as a highway revenue issue backed by tolls and taxes.

Form of bar chart used in bar chart analysis of securities which indicates the movement of a security with a tendency to go down, with two troughs.

The double burden of malnutrition refers to the dual burden of under- and overnutrition occurring simultaneously within a population.

Double deflation is a method whereby gross value added is measured at constant prices by subtracting intermediate consumption at constant prices from output at constant prices; this method is feasible only for constant price estimates which are additive, such as those calculated using a Laspeyres’ formula (either fixed-base or for estimates expressed in the previous year’s prices).

For a unit or sector, national accounting is based on the principle of double entry, as in business accounting , whereby each transaction must be recorded twice, once as a resource (or a change in liabilities) and once as a use (or a change in assets)

See cross-currency interest hedge.

Situations where related entities share capital. For example, if a deposit-taker owns equity in another deposit-taker in the group, capital is said to be double leveraged because both entities are resting activity on the same pool of capital. When capital is double leveraged, the capital actually available to the group to meet unanticipated losses is less than the data implies.

Defining the content of formal and informal behavioural cultures, which means that the criteria or standards used to evaluate and regulate women often differ from those for men, benefiting the latter.

Penalty or premium rate (e.g., for overtime work, for work on Sundays and holidays) amounting to twice the employee’s regular rate of pay for each hour worked.

Form of bar chart used in bar chart analysis of securities which indicates the movement of a security with a tendency to go up, with two peaks.

When calculating borrowings, the IBRD takes the amount of the loan, multiplies it by the interest rate, and obtains a total for the interest. All the loans are added and all the interest totals. The first sum is then divided by the second to obtain the weighted average interest. This is the single-weighted borrowing cost. Recently, the IBRD has obtained the interest total by multiplying the amount of the loan by the interest and the number of years to maturity, to take into account the fact that it has loans of varying maturities. The weighted averaged interest obtained from this calculation is called the double weighted borrowing cost.

Like "successive crops", the temporary crops grown more than once on the same land in the same agricultural year.

Double-declining balance is a form of geometric depreciation in which the constant annual rate of capital consumption is set equal to 2*V/T, where V is the value of the asset when new and T is the service life of the asset in years.

Doubling time is the amount of time it takes for a given quantity to double in size or value at a constant growth rate.