Egypt, from stabilization to a knowledge-based economy: A computable general equilibrium modelling approach
Publication
Working papers | E/ESCWA/EDID/2019/WP.2 | January 2019
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Focus areas
- 2030 Agenda
- Climate change
- Debt and fiscal policy
- Financing for development
- Gender equality
- Governance & enabling environment
- Inclusive development
- Future of employment
- Macroeconomics
- Natural resource sustainability
- Population dynamics & migration
- Resilient development & conflict prevention
- Statistics
- Technology & innovation
- Trade & regional connectivity
SDGs
- Agenda 2030
- Goal 1: No Poverty
- Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being
- Goal 4: Quality Education
- Goal 5: Gender Equality
- Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
- Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
- Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
- Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
- Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities
- Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Goal 12: Responsible Production and Consumption
- Goal 13: Climate Action
- Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
- Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals
Initiatives
- Sustainable urban development
- Promoting social justice
- REGEND
- Women’s rights and gender mainstreaming
- Governance and institution building
- Public finance and inclusive fiscal policy
- Transport and trade connectivity
- Addressing multidimensional poverty
- COVID-19 Stimulus Tracker
- Reducing inequalities
- RICCAR
- Social Expenditure Monitor for Arab States
- Arab Centre for Climate Change Policies
- Monitoring Sustainable Development Goal Data
- Promoting food and water security
- Reforming social protection systems
- Women, peace and security
- Women’s economic empowerment
- Advancing water and food security
- Arab Open and Innovative Government
- Artificial intelligence & big data
- Climate/SDGs Debt Swap
- Enhancing integrated national development planning
- Enhancing resilience and sustainability of agriculture
- Gender Justice and the Law
- Integrated national financing frameworks
- International migration
- Job creation
- Monitoring money-metric poverty
- Older persons
- Preventing Violence Against Women and Girls
- Realizing the rights of persons with disabilities
- Support to the Palestinian people
- Trade & industry statistics
- Up-scaling energy efficiency in residential & services sectors
- Advancing environment & energy statistics
- Arab exports
- Arab Forum for Sustainable Development
- Arab information society
- Climate Resilience through Regional Cooperation
- Debt Optimization to Enhance Fiscal Space
- Development challenges
- Economic Statistics and National Accounts
- ENACT project
- Financial & macroeconomic statistics for National accounts
- Improving competition and protecting consumers
- National Agenda for the Future of Syria Programme
- Population & Housing Censuses
- Statistics Governance
- Strengthening transboundary risk mitigation
- Voluntary reporting on the 2030 Agenda
- Water Resources Management Tools
- Yemen Vision for Recovery and Development
- Young people
Clusters
Keywords
- (-) TECHNICAL COOPERATION
- ARAB COUNTRIES
- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- STATISTICAL DATA
- CLIMATE CHANGE
- SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- POVERTY
- GOVERNANCE
- COVID-19
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- GENDER EQUALITY
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- EMPLOYMENT
- COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
- WOMEN
- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
- ECONOMIC GROWTH
- EDUCATION
- DEVELOPMENT
- SOCIAL SECURITY
- FOOD SECURITY
- LABOUR MARKET
- SOCIAL CONDITIONS
- SOCIAL POLICY
- CONFLICT
- CAPACITY BUILDING
- CONFERENCES
- RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
- UNEMPLOYMENT
- WATER RESOURCES
- POPULATION
- EQUALITY
- GENDER
- SOCIAL JUSTICE
- ECONOMIC ASPECTS
- GOVERNMENT POLICY
- GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
- PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
- WATER
- YOUTH
- ARMED CONFLICTS
- GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
- HEALTH
- REGIONAL COOPERATION
- INNOVATIONS
- CASE STUDIES
- DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
- HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
- LEBANON
- CIVIL SOCIETY
- WOMEN'S RIGHTS
- AGRICULTURE
- HUMAN RIGHTS
- INTERNATIONAL TRADE
- NATURAL RESOURCES
- TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
- INFORMATION SOCIETY
- ENERGY EFFICIENCY
- FOREIGN TRADE
- GENDER MAINSTREAMING
- MACROECONOMICS
- PEACE
- SERIAL PUBLICATIONS
- EMPLOYMENT CREATION
- EMPOWERMENT
- JORDAN
- POVERTY MITIGATION
- SOCIAL ASPECTS
- SOCIAL STATISTICS
- STATISTICS
- ENERGY CONSUMPTION
- ENERGY RESOURCES
- FISCAL POLICY
- GIRLS
- LEGAL ASPECTS
- SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
- E-GOVERNMENT
- EXPORTS
- INTRAREGIONAL TRADE
- PRIVATE SECTOR
- REGIONAL COMMISSIONS
- TRAINING PROGRAMMES
- DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS
- ECONOMIC STATISTICS
- MANUALS
- TRANSPORT
- WATER MANAGEMENT
- WOMEN'S ADVANCEMENT
- ECONOMIC POLICY
- PRODUCTIVITY
- TECHNOLOGY
- EGYPT
- INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
- INTERNET
- JUSTICE
- LAWS AND REGULATIONS
- NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
- DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
- AGEING PERSONS
- CITIES
- DISPLACED PERSONS
- ECONOMIC INDICATORS
- ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
- FINANCING
- FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
- GREEN ECONOMY
- IMPORTS
- SOCIAL INTEGRATION
- Social protection
- WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
- ARABIC LANGUAGE
- CLIMATE
- DATA COLLECTION
- DEMOGRAPHY
- ENVIRONMENT
- HEALTH SERVICES
- KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY
- MIGRATION
- POPULATION GROWTH
- SOCIAL WELFARE
- TUNISIA
- DIGITAL DIVIDE
- FINANCE
- HOUSEHOLDS
- IRAQ
- PEACEBUILDING
- PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
- STATE OF PALESTINE
- URBAN DEVELOPMENT
- WOMEN'S STATUS
- GENDER DISCRIMINATION
- INCOME DISTRIBUTION
- POLICY MAKING
- RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
- GENDER STATISTICS
- MOROCCO
- POLITICAL CONDITIONS
- TRADE POLICY
- URBANIZATION
- WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- WATER SUPPLY
- ACTIVITIES
- DISABILITY
- ENTREPRENEURSHIP
- ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
- FERTILITY
- HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
- PARTNERSHIP
- PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
- RURAL AREAS
- TERRITORIES OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL
- TRADE STATISTICS
- ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM
- AGEING
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
- INSTITUTION BUILDING
- REFUGEES
- REMITTANCES
- TRADE FACILITATION
- YEMEN
- DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
- DEVELOPMENT POLICY
- EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS
- ELECTRIC POWER
- GLOBALIZATION
- GUIDELINES
- HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
- PUBLIC SECTOR
- RURAL DEVELOPMENT
- SHARED WATER RESOURCES
- SOCIAL SURVEYS
- WASTE MANAGEMENT
- CULTURE
- DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
- FINANCIAL ASPECTS
- FINANCIAL CRISIS
- INVESTMENTS
- LIVING CONDITIONS
- POPULAR PARTICIPATION
- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
- SANITATION SERVICES
- SAUDI ARABIA
- SURVEYS
- WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT
- DECISION-MAKING
- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
- FOOD
- HOUSING
- HUNGER
- MILITARY OCCUPATION
- POPULATION TRENDS
- SUBSIDIES
- SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
- TRADE DATA INTERCHANGE
- WATER POLICY
- BIG DATA
- DEBT
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
- DISCRIMINATION
- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
- ECONOMIC CRISIS
- ECONOMIC SURVEYS
- HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
- HOUSING CONDITIONS
- INFLATION
- POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
- RESILIENCE
- SANITATION
- SMALL ENTERPRISES
- TRADE AGREEMENTS
- VIOLENCE
- ACCOUNTABILITY
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- CHILDREN
- DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
- EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
- FINANCIAL FLOWS
- HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
- MAURITANIA
- MEASUREMENT
- MORTALITY STATISTICS
- NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
- PALESTINE
- PETROLEUM
- POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION
- PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
- RECONSTRUCTION
- SOCIAL SERVICES
- SOLAR ENERGY
- SUDAN
- TRADE LIBERALIZATION
- AIR POLLUTION
- COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
- CORRUPTION
- EARLY MARRIAGE
- ENERGY STATISTICS
- FRESHWATER
- HEALTH CONDITIONS
- HEALTH STATISTICS
- ICT INDICATORS
- INFORMAL SECTOR
- LIBYA
- MANUFACTURING
- MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
- MIGRATION STATISTICS
- POLLUTION
- PRODUCTION
- PUBLIC SERVICES
- PUBLIC WELFARE
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
- TRADE STRUCTURE
- URBAN ECONOMICS
- WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
- ALGERIA
- BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
- BUSINESS
- DATA ANALYSIS
- ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
- ENERGY POLICY
- ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
- FOOD IMPORTS
- GROUNDWATER
- INDUSTRY
- KUWAIT
- MARRIAGE STATISTICS
- MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- MIDDLE EAST
- MIGRATION POLICY
- NATURAL GAS
- POPULATION DYNAMICS
- PROGRAMME PLANNING
- PUBLIC HEALTH
- RIGHT TO EDUCATION
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- SOMALIA
- UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
- VITAL STATISTICS
- WOMEN'S HEALTH
- CARE OF AGEING PERSONS
- COMPETITIVENESS
- DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
- DESERTIFICATION
- DEVELOPMENT PLANS
- EQUITY
- GOVERNMENT INFORMATION
- HEALTH INSURANCE
- HEALTH POLICY
- HUMAN RESOURCES
- HUMAN SECURITY
- KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
- LOCAL GOVERNMENT
- POLITICAL ASPECTS
- POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
- PROTEST MOVEMENTS
- PUBLIC DEBT
- QATAR
- REGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- RESEARCH
- REVOLUTIONS
- SOCIAL SECURITY LEGISLATION
- URBAN AREAS
- WAGE POLICY
- WOMEN'S EDUCATION
- WOMEN IN POLITICS
- AGE DISTRIBUTION
- BAHRAIN
- BANKING
- CHILD MORTALITY
- CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
- DECENTRALIZATION IN GOVERNMENT
- DIVORCE STATISTICS
- ECONOMIC FORECASTS
- ECONOMIC TRENDS
- EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS
- ENERGY CONSERVATION
- EVALUATION
- FINANCIAL RESOURCES
- ILLITERACY
- INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS
- INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SITUATION
- IRRIGATION
- LABOUR
- LABOUR MOBILITY
- LABOUR STATISTICS
- OMAN
- PAMPHLETS
- PRICES
- PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
- PROGRAMMES OF ACTION
- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- RIVER BASINS
- SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
- TEMPERATURE
- URBAN PLANNING
- URBAN POPULATION
- WAR
- WORKFORCE
- ACCESS TO INFORMATION
- ADVISORY SERVICES
- AGRICULTURAL TRADE
- CENSUSES
- CIVIL WAR
- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
- COMOROS
- CRIMINAL STATISTICS
- CROPS
- CULTURAL STATISTICS
- DECENT WORK
- DEMOCRATIZATION
- DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
- DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
- DIRECTORIES
- ELECTRICITY
- FINANCIAL POLICY
- FINANCIAL STATISTICS
- INCOME
- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
- INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
- INTERNET DOMAIN NAMES
- LAND DEGRADATION
- MANPOWER STATISTICS
- MASS MEDIA
- MEDICAL ASPECTS
- MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
- MONETARY POLICY
- NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- RISK
- RULES AND REGULATIONS
- SOCIAL MEDIA
- SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
- TAXATION
- TOURISM
- WAGES
- WAR VICTIMS
- WOMEN WORKERS
- YOUTH POLICY
- ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
- AQUIFERS
- BASIC EDUCATION
- BASIC SERVICES
- COMMODITY TRADE
- COMPETITION
- COMPETITION POLICY
- COSTS
- CYBERNETICS
- DEMOCRACY
- DEVELOPING AREAS
- DJIBOUTI
- ECONOMICS
- EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
- ENERGY SERVICES
- FERTILITY RATE
- FOOD SHORTAGE
- Gender and Renewable Energy
- GULF STATES
- HOUSING CENSUSES
- INDEXES
- LAND USE
- LAND USE STATISTICS
- LAW
- LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- LOGISTICS
- NATIONALITY
- NORTH AFRICA
- OLD AGE BENEFITS
- PUBLIC INFORMATION
- SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
- SOCIAL CHANGE
- SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
- STOCK MARKETS
- SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- WATER RIGHTS
- WORK PROGRAMME
- ACCESSIBILITY
- AGENDA
- AGRICULTURAL TRAINING
- BASIC NEEDS
- BUDGET
- COMMUNICATION POLICY
- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
- CONSUMPTION
- DATABASES
- DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING
- DESALINATION
- DROUGHT CONTROL
- ECONOMIC REFORM
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
- FEASIBILITY STUDIES
- FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
- FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
- FOOD POLICY
- FORCED MIGRATION
- FOSSIL FUELS
- FREE TRADE
- INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
- INTERGOVERNMENTAL BODIES
- INTERNATIONAL DAYS
- INVESTMENT POLICY
- JUDICIAL SYSTEM
- LABOUR POLICY
- LAND
- MARINE ENVIRONMENT
- MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES
- MULTIDIMENTIONAL POVERTY INDEX
- NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE
- NEW TECHNOLOGIES
- OPEN SPACES
- PENSION SCHEMES
- PETROLEUM PRICES
- PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
- POLITICAL LEADERS
- POPULATION CENSUSES
- PRECIPITATION
- PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA
- RECOVERY
- RECYCLING
- RESOURCES ALLOCATION
- RURAL POPULATION
- SECONDARY EDUCATION
- SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRY
- SOCIAL INDICATORS
- SOCIAL ISOLATION
- SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
- TEXTILE INDUSTRY
- TRADE
- TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
- TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE
- TRANSPORT STATISTICS
- UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
- VIRUSES
- WEALTH
- WESTERN ASIA
- AGE-SEX DISTRIBUTION
- AGE GROUPS
- AGRICULTURAL LAND
- AIDS
- APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
- BUILDINGS
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- CONSUMER PROTECTION
- CULTURAL ASPECTS
- CUSTOMS FORMALITIES
- DATA PROTECTION
- DATA QUALITY
- DEBT MANAGEMENT
- DECENTRALIZATION IN MANAGEMENT
- DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY
- DIGITAL ECONOMY
- DISABILITY BENEFITS
- DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
- DRINKING WATER
- DROUGHT
- ECONOMIC PLANNING
- EMPLOYMENT POLICY
- ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
- EXTERNAL DEBT
- FAMILY
- FOOD PRICES
- FOOD PRODUCTION
- FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
- FORESTS
- FUELS
- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
- HIGHER EDUCATION
- IMMIGRANTS
- INCOME POLICY
- INDUSTRIAL POLICY
- INFORMATION
- INSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY
- JUDGES
- LAW REFORM
- LEADERSHIP
- LIFE EXPECTANCY
- MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
- MIGRANTS
- MINING
- MORTALITY
- NATURE CONSERVATION
- OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
- PALESTINE QUESTION
- PALESTINIANS
- PARTICIPANTS
- POPULATION SIZE
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- PROJECT MONITORING
- PUBLIC TRANSPORT
- QUESTIONNAIRES
- RAINWATER
- REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
- RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS
- RIGHT TO FOOD
- ROAD TRANSPORT
- SAFETY REGULATIONS
- SEXUAL HARASSMENT
- STANDARDS
- SUPPLY AND DEMAND
- SYRIANS
- TARIFFS
- TELECOMMUNICATIONS
- TRADE FINANCING
- TRADE IN SERVICES
- TRAFFIC SAFETY
- TRANSPORT AGREEMENTS
- VIOLENT DEATHS
- VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
- VOCATIONAL TRAINING
- WIND POWER
- WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE
- WORK ORGANIZATION
- ADULT EDUCATION
- AFRICA
- AIR TRANSPORT
- ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
- BANKS
- BIOMASS ENERGY
- BROADBAND
- BUILDING STANDARDS
- CAPITAL MARKETS
- CENTRES
- CIVIL REGISTRATION
- CLASSIFICATION
- COMMODITIES
- COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
- COMPUTER CRIMES
- COMPUTER SECURITY
- COST ANALYSIS
- COUNTRY PROGRAMMES
- DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
- DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
- DIGITAL CONTENT
- DISABILITY STATISTICS
- DOMESTIC WORKERS
- EAST ASIA
- ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE
- ECONOMIC DEPENDENCE
- ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS
- ECONOMIC RECESSION
- ECONOMY MEASURES
- EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS
- EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
- EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
- ENERGY SECURITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING
- ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGY
- EQUAL PAY
- EXPORT DEVELOPMENT
- FACTOR ANALYSIS
- FACTORIES
- FERTILIZER INDUSTRY
- FINANCIAL SERVICES
- FISHERIES
- FOOD INDUSTRY
- FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
- GOODS
- GOVERNMENT SPENDING POLICY
- HEALTH INDICATORS
- HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
- HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
- INCENTIVES
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
- INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
- INFANT MORTALITY
- INFORMATION SERVICES
- INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS
- INTERNAL MIGRATION
- INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
- INTERNATIONAL LAW
- ISRAEL
- KNOW-HOW
- LABOUR LAW
- LABOUR MOVEMENTS
- LAND RIGHTS
- LIQUIDITY
- LITERACY
- LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
- MALARIA
- MARINE RESOURCES CONSERVATION
- MARITIME TRANSPORT
- MATERNAL MORTALITY
- MIDDLE EAST SITUATION
- MIGRANT WORKERS
- NATURAL DISASTERS
- NUTRITION
- ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM
- PENSIONS
- PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
- PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
- PHOSPHATES
- PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION
- PRIMARY EDUCATION
- QUALITY OF LIFE
- REFUGEE PLACEMENT
- REGIONAL PLANNING
- RESOURCES MOBILIZATION
- RETURN MIGRATION
- ROAD MAPS
- ROADS
- RURAL POVERTY
- SANCTIONS
- SECURITY MANAGEMENT
- SLUMS
- SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS
- SOLIDARITY
- STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
- TECHNICAL ASPECTS
- TERMINOLOGY
- TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
- TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
- TREATIES
- UKRAINE
- WASTE TREATMENT
- WATER CONSUMPTION
- WATER POLLUTION
- WATER QUALITY
- WEATHER FORECASTING
- WHEAT
- WOMEN REFUGEES
- WORK AT HOME
- WORKING CONDITIONS
- YOUNG WORKERS
- YOUTH SERVICES
- ADMINISTRATION
- ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS
- ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
- AGE
- AGRICULTURAL CENSUSES
- AGRICULTURAL PRICE SUPPORTS
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
- AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
- ANTITRUST LAW
- ARAB STUDIES
- ARID ZONES
- ART WORKS
- AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
- BASELINES
- BIOCLIMATOLOGY
- BIOGAS
- BIOTECHNOLOGY
- BLOCKADE
- BRAIN DRAIN
- BUSINESS CYCLES
- CEMENT INDUSTRY
- CHEMICALS
- CHILD ABUSE
- CHILD CARE
- CHILD HEALTH
- CHILD LABOUR
- CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICTS
- CIVILIAN PERSONS
- CIVIL SERVICE
- CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
- CLIMATIC ZONES
- COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- COMPETITION LAW
- CONTINUING EDUCATION
- COOLING
- COPYRIGHT
- CORPORATE CORRUPTION
- COST OF LIVING INDICES
- CRISIS MANAGEMENT
- CROP YIELDS
- CURRENCY INSTABILITY
- CUSTOMS UNIONS
- CYBER SECURITY
- DAIRY INDUSTRY
- DAMAGES
- DATABASE MANAGEMENT
- DATA MODELLING
- DEBT CONVERSIONS
- DEBT RESTRUCTURING
- DEVALUATION
- DEVELOPMENT MODELS
- DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
- DISTANCE EDUCATION
- DISTRIBUTION
- DOCUMENTS
- DRIVING PERMITS
- EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
- ECOLOGY
- ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS
- ECONOMIC COOPERATION
- ECONOMIC GAP
- ECONOMIC STABILIZATION
- ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION
- EDUCATIONAL REFORM
- EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
- EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
- ELECTRIC VEHICLES
- ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE
- EMIGRATION
- ENERGY CONVERSION
- ENERGY PLANNING
- ENGLISH LANGUAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
- ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
- ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
- ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
- ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- ETHNIC CONFLICT
- EUROPE
- EXPORT PROCEDURES
- FEMINISM
- FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- FOOD PREPARATION
- FOOD PRESERVATION
- FOOD SUPPLY
- FORCED MARRIAGE
- FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
- FUNDS
- FUTURE STUDIES
- GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- GLASS INDUSTRY
- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
- GLOBAL WARMING
- GLOSSARIES
- GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS
- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
- GROUP CONFLICT PREVENTION
- HEALTH ECONOMICS
- HEALTH PROGRAMMES
- HEALTH STANDARDS
- HEATING
- HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
- HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY
- IMMIGRATION
- INDIA
- INDUSTRIALIZATION
- INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION
- INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
- INFORMATION EXCHANGE
- INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- INLAND TRANSPORT
- INTERCOMMUNAL NEGOTIATIONS
- INTEREST RATES
- INTERNAL SECURITY
- INTERREGIONAL PROGRAMMES
- IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
- ISLAMIC ETHICS
- ISLAMIC LAW
- JOB VACANCIES
- KENYA
- LABELLING
- LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY
- LANGUAGES
- LATIN AMERICA
- LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
- LEBANON SITUATION
- LIGHTING
- LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE
- MADAGASCAR
- MALNUTRITION
- MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
- MARINE POLLUTION
- MARKETING
- MEMBERS
- MICRO-ECONOMICS
- MICROCREDIT
- MIDDLE CLASS
- MILITARY EXPENDITURES
- MONEY
- MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
- MUSLIM WOMEN
- NATIONAL INCOME
- NATIONAL SECURITY
- NILE RIVER
- NON-STATE ACTORS
- OCCUPATIONS
- OCEANS
- OLIVE OIL
- OPEN GOVERNMENT
- ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- PATENTS
- PENSION FUNDS
- PILOT PROJECTS
- POLICE
- POLLUTION CONTROL
- POPULATION POLICY
- PRIVATIZATION
- PROGRAMME BUDGETING
- PROJECT ACTIVITIES
- PROJECT EVALUATION
- PROJECT FINANCE
- PUBLIC INVESTMENT
- PUBLIC POLICY
- RADICALISM
- REFUGEE-RECEIVING COUNTRIES
- REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
- REGIONAL SECURITY
- RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS
- REPORTING PROCEDURES
- RESTRICTIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES
- RIGHT TO HEALTH
- RIGHT TO WORK
- RISK MANAGEMENT
- RIVERS
- ROAD NETWORKS
- ROAD TRAFFIC
- RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION
- RURAL WOMEN
- SANITARY FACILITIES
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
- SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION
- SECURITY SECTOR REFORM
- SEWAGE
- SEX DISTRIBUTION
- SKILLED WORKERS
- SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
- SOCIAL CONFLICT
- SOCIAL GROUPS
- SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED PERSONS
- SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
- SOCIAL PROBLEMS
- SOCIAL STATUS
- SOCIAL VALUES
- SOLAR HEATING
- SOUTH ASIA
- SPECIAL EDUCATION
- STANDARD OF LIVING
- STRATEGIC MATERIALS
- STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
- SURFACE WATERS
- SURVIVORS BENEFITS
- SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
- TAX ADMINISTRATION
- TAX COLLECTION
- TAX REFORM
- TAX REVENUES
- TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
- TERMS OF REFERENCE
- THERMAL ENERGY
- TIME MANAGEMENT
- TOLERANCE
- TOURISM STATISTICS
- TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
- TRANSPORT COSTS
- TRANSPORT FACILITATION
- TRANSPORT POLICY
- UGANDA
- UNITED KINGDOM
- UNPAID WORK
- VALUE
- VALUE ADDED TAX
- VEHICLES
- VENTILATION
- WAR CRIMES
- WATER BALANCE
- WATER CONSERVATION
- WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
- WATER REUSE
- WATER TREATMENT
- WEBSITES
- WELFARE ECONOMICS
- WESTERN SAHARA
- WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
- YOUTH HEALTH
- ABACA
- ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS
- ADOLESCENTS
- AERIAL BOMBINGS
- AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
- AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES
- AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
- AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
- AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS
- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
- AGRICULTURAL WASTES
- AGRIPRODUCT PROCESSING
- AID FINANCING
- AID PROGRAMMES
- AIRPORTS
- AIR QUALITY
- APPLES
- ARABS
- ARCHITECTURE
- ASSIMILATION
- ASSOCIATIONS
- ASYLUM SEEKERS
- ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE
- ATTITUDE
- AUSTRALIA
- AUTOMOBILES
- BAHRAINIS
- BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
- BANGLADESH
- BANKING SYSTEMS
- BANK LOANS
- BANK RESERVES
- BANKRUPTCY
- BARLEY
- BASINS
- BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
- BIOMASS
- BOYS
- BRAZIL
- BREAD
- BRIBERY
- BUDGETARY POLICY
- BUDGET CONTRIBUTIONS
- BUDGET DEFICITS
- BUDGETING
- BUSINESS FINANCING
- BUSINESS SERVICES
- CANADA
- CAPITAL FORMATION
- CAPITALISM
- CAPITAL MOVEMENTS
- CARE ECONOMY
- CAREGIVERS
- CARTELS
- CEASEFIRES
- CELLULAR TELEPHONES
- CENTRAL BANKS
- CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
- CHILDBIRTH
- CHILD DEVELOPMENT
- CHILDREN'S LITERATURE
- CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
- CHILD WELFARE
- CHRONIC DISEASES
- CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
- CLOTHING INDUSTRY
- CLOUDS
- COASTAL AREAS
- COASTAL TRANSPORT
- CODES
- COLOMBIA
- COMMODITY PRICES
- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- COMMUNICATION MEDIA
- COMMUNICATIONS
- COMMUNICATION STATISTICS
- COMMUNITY-BASED CORRECTIONS
- COMMUNITY INFORMATION
- COMPOSTS
- COMPUTERS
- COMPUTER SOFTWARE
- CONDITIONALITY
- CONFIDENTIALITY
- CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
- CONGO
- CONSENSUS
- CONSTITUTIONS
- CONSTRUCTION
- CONSULTATIONS
- CONSULTATIVE STATUS
- CONSUMER EDUCATION
- CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS
- CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE
- CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
- CORPORATE PLANNING
- CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
- CORPORATION LAW
- CORPORATIONS
- COST OF LIVING
- COUNSELLING
- COUNTRY AGREEMENTS
- CREDIT
- CROATIA
- CROP ROTATION
- CULTURAL COOPERATION
- CULTURAL HERITAGE
- CULTURAL PARTICIPATION
- CULTURAL PLURALISM
- CURRENCY
- CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION
- DAIRY PRODUCTS
- DAMS
- DANGEROUS GOODS
- DATA PROCESSING
- DATA PROCESSING SERVICES
- DATA STORAGE
- DEATH
- DEATH RATE
- DEBT RELIEF
- DEBT SERVICING
- DECLARATIONS
- DEFINITION
- DEMOCRATIC YEMEN
- DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
- DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
- DIGITAL LIBRARIES
- DISASTER LOSS
- DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
- DISASTER PREVENTION
- DISCRIMINATION BASED ON WORK AND DESCENT
- DOCUMENTARY FILMS
- DOMICILE AND RESIDENCE
- DONOR COUNTRIES
- DRAINAGE
- DRIVING
- DROPOUTS
- DRY FARMING
- ECONOMIC COUNCILS
- ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
- ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
- ECONOMIC REGULATION
- ECONOMIC SECURITY
- ECOSYSTEMS
- EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- EDUCATIONAL POLICY
- EDUCATION FOR PEACE
- ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES
- ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION
- ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER
- ELECTRONIC INFORMATION RESOURCES
- EMERGENCY RELIEF
- EMIGRATION LAW
- EMISSION INVENTORIES
- EMPLOYMENT SECURITY
- ENERGY
- ENERGY LEGISLATION
- ENERGY PRICES
- ENERGY RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
- ENERGY TRANSFER
- ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
- ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
- ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
- ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCING
- ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
- ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
- EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
- ESSENTIAL DRUGS
- ESTABLISHMENT
- ESTONIA
- EUPHRATES RIVER
- EUROPEAN FEDERATION
- EVALUATION RESEARCH
- EXERCISE
- EXPATRIATE WORKERS
- EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION
- EXPORT PROMOTION
- EXTENDED FAMILY
- FAMILY WELFARE
- FEEDSTOCKS
- FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
- FERTILITY DECLINE
- FERTILIZATION
- FIELD CROPS
- FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- FIRE CONTROL
- FISHING
- FLEXIBLE HOURS OF WORK
- FLOODS
- FOCAL POINTS
- FOOD AID
- FOOD AND NUTRITION
- FOOD CONSUMPTION
- FOOD HYGIENE
- FOOD LOSS
- FOOD PROCESSING
- FOOD TRADE
- FOOD WASTE
- FOREIGN EXCHANGE
- FOREIGN POLICY
- FOREIGN TRADE POLICY
- FORESTRY
- FREEDOM
- FREE TRADE AREAS
- FRENCH LANGUAGE
- FRUIT
- FRUIT INDUSTRY
- FRUIT JUICES
- GAS INDUSTRY
- GENDER ROLES
- GEORGIA
- GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
- GOODS TRANSPORT
- GOVERNMENT PURCHASING
- GRADUATION
- GREEN REVOLUTION
- GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
- GROUP DYNAMICS
- HANDICRAFTS
- HEAT
- HEAVY INDUSTRY
- HOURS OF WORK
- HOUSEHOLD SIZE
- HOUSING MARKET
- HOUSING NEEDS
- HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCIES
- HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION
- HUMANITARIAN STANDARDS
- HYDROCARBONS
- HYDROGEN
- HYDROGEN FUELS
- HYDROLOGY
- IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
- ILLICIT PAYMENTS
- IMMIGRATION LAW
- IMPORT PROCEDURES
- INCOME DISTRIBUTION STATISTICS
- INDEPENDENCE
- INDEXING
- INDEX NUMBERS
- INDONESIA
- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
- INFORMATICS
- INFORMATION NETWORKS
- INFORMATION SYSTEMS
- INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS
- INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORKS
- INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
- INTERNATIONAL DECADES
- INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
- INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW
- INTERNATIONAL WATERCOURSES
- INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
- INTERSECTORAL COOPERATION
- INVENTORIES
- INVESTMENT ANALYSIS
- INVESTMENT PROMOTION
- IRAQ SITUATION
- JORDAN RIVER VALLEY
- KAZAKHSTAN
- LABOUR ADMINISTRATION
- LAND-BASED RESOURCES
- LAND POLICY
- LARGE ENTERPRISES
- LAUNDERING OF FUNDS
- LAW ENFORCEMENT
- LEGAL SERVICES
- LIBYANS
- LIFE
- LIMITATION OF ACTIONS
- LINEAR PROGRAMMING
- LINGUISTICS
- LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
- LIQUID FUELS
- LOANS
- LOCAL LAWS
- MACHINE TOOLS
- MANPOWER
- MARKET ACCESS
- MARKETS
- MARKET SHARE
- MASS COMMUNICATION
- MATERNAL WELFARE
- MATHEMATICAL MODELS
- MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
- MEDICAL SUPPLIES
- MEDICAL TREATMENT
- MEDITERRANEAN SEA
- MEN
- MENTAL HEALTH
- MENTAL STRESS
- MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
- METADATA
- MILITARY REFORM
- MINERAL RESOURCES
- MINERALS
- MODEL LAWS
- MONEY SUPPLY
- MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
- MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS
- MULTIPLIER (ECONOMICS)
- MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
- NANOTECHNOLOGY
- NATIONAL BUDGETS
- NATURAL GAS VEHICLES
- NATURAL PRODUCTS
- NEGOTIATION
- NEIGHBOURING STATES
- NEPAL
- NON-CITIZENS
- NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- NON-TARIFF BARRIERS
- NORTH AMERICA
- NURSING HOMES
- NUTRITION POLICY
- OBESITY
- OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS
- OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
- OIL EMBARGO
- OIL INDUSTRIES
- OLIVES
- OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS
- OPEN SYSTEMS
- ORGANIC FARMING
- ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
- ORGANIZED CRIME
- OWNERSHIP
- OZONE LAYER
- PACKAGING
- PALESTINE REFUGEES
- PARENTS
- PARKS
- PASSENGER TRANSPORT
- PEACE ENFORCEMENT
- PEACEMAKING
- PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
- PERIODIC REPORTS
- PERISHABLE FOOD
- PETROLEUM RESERVES
- PETROLEUM REVENUES
- PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- PHYSICAL PLANNING
- PLURALISM
- POLAND
- POLICE POWER
- POLITICAL CORRUPTION
- POLITICAL VIOLENCE
- POLLUTANT MODELLING
- POLLUTION SOURCES
- POPULATION ASPECTS
- POPULATION COMPOSITION
- POPULATION FORECASTS
- POPULATION PROJECTIONS
- PORT MANAGEMENT
- PORTS
- POSTAL SERVICES
- POTATOES
- POULTRY
- PRICE AND QUANTITY STATISTICS
- PRICE CONTROLS
- PRICE DISCRIMINATION
- PRINCIPLES
- PRIVATE ENTERPRISES
- PROBLEM SOLVING
- PRODUCTION DIVERSIFICATION
- PRODUCTIVE AGEING
- PROGRAMME EXPENDITURES
- PROJECT APPRAISAL
- PROJECT PREPARATION
- PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS
- PUBLIC GOODS
- PUBLIC OPINION
- PUBLIC OPINION POLLS
- PUBLIC SECTOR STATISTICS
- PURCHASING
- PURCHASING POWER
- QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
- QUALITY MANAGEMENT
- RAILWAY NETWORKS
- RAILWAY TRANSPORT
- RAIN
- RAPE VICTIMS
- RAW MATERIALS
- REAL ESTATE BUSINESS
- REAL PROPERTY
- RECRUITMENT
- REFORMATORIES
- REFUGEE STATUS
- REGIONAL ECONOMICS
- REGIONAL PLANS
- REHABILITATION
- REINTEGRATION
- RELIGIOUS GROUPS
- REPATRIATION
- REPORT PREPARATION
- RESERVE CURRENCIES
- RESOURCES EXPLORATION
- RETIREMENT
- RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT
- RIGHT TO DRINKING WATER
- RIGHT TO OWN PROPERTY
- RULE OF LAW
- RULES OF ORIGIN
- RUNOFF
- RURAL-URBAN DIFFERENTIALS
- RURAL DEPOPULATION
- RWANDA
- SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE
- SATELLITES
- SCHOOLS
- SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
- SCIENTISTS
- SECTORAL PLANNING
- SECURITY ASSURANCES
- SEGREGATION
- SELF-DETERMINATION OF PEOPLES
- SELF-RULE
- SERBIA
- SERVICE INDUSTRIES
- SEWAGE DISPOSAL
- SEX DIFFERENTIALS
- SIMULATION METHODS
- SINGAPORE
- SMALL FARMS
- SMART SOCIETY
- SOCIAL CAPITAL
- SOCIAL CLASSES
- SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- SOCIAL LEGISLATION
- SOCIAL STRUCTURE
- SOCIAL WORK
- SOIL MANAGEMENT
- SOIL MOISTURE
- SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
- SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS
- SPECIFICATIONS
- STAFFING
- STANDARDIZATION
- STATES
- STATISTICAL CAPACITY
- STATISTICAL SERVICES
- STERILIZATION
- STOCKHOLDERS
- STORMS
- SUBSTANTIAL TRANSFORMATION
- SUGAR INDUSTRY
- SUPPORT SERVICES
- SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
- SWEDEN
- TASK FORCES
- TAX DEDUCTIONS
- TAX INCENTIVES
- TAX SYSTEMS
- TEACHERS
- TEACHING
- TEACHING METHODS
- TECHNICAL EDUCATION
- TECHNICAL TRAINING
- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
- TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
- TELEPHONE SERVICES
- TELEVISION
- TERMS AND PHRASES
- TEXTILES
- THAILAND
- TIME USE STATISTICS
- TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
- TRADE DOCUMENTS
- TRADE EFFICIENCY
- TRADE EXPANSION
- TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
- TRADE PROMOTION
- TRADE REGULATION
- TRAFFIC FLOW
- TRAFFIC SURVEYS
- TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION
- TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- TRANSIT
- TRANSLATION
- TRANSPORT ECONOMICS
- TRANSPORT PLANNING
- TUBERCULOSIS
- TURKEY
- TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
- UNDEREMPLOYMENT
- UNFAIR COMPETITION
- UNILATERAL COERCIVE MEASURES
- UNITED STATES
- URBAN ENVIRONMENT
- URBAN MANAGEMENT
- URBAN POVERTY
- URBAN RESEARCH
- URBAN SETTLEMENTS
- URBAN TRAFFIC
- USE STUDIES
- VALUE CHAINS
- VEGETABLES
- VENTURE CAPITAL
- VOCABULARY
- VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
- VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
- WAR PREVENTION
- WASTES
- WATER LAW
- WATER POLLUTANTS
- WATER STATISTICS
- WATER STORAGE
- WEATHER
- WELFARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES
- WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS
- WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES
- WORKERS' RIGHTS
- WORKING GROUPS
- WORK LIFE BALANCE
- YEMEN SITUATION
- YOUNG ADULTS
- YOUNG WOMEN
- Zakat
User guide manual for AquaCrop model
Publication
Training material | E/ESCWA/SDPD/2019/GUIDE.1 | January 2019
Training manual for using AquaCrop model to evaluate the impact of climate change on crop production
Publication
Training material | E/ESCWA/SDPD/2019/GUIDE.2 | January 2019
Action plan on gender equality and women’s empowerment within national institutions in the Arab region
Publication
Information material | E/ESCWA/ECW/2019/INF.1 | January 2019
Progress Achieved by ESCWA member countries towards Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus
Publication
Reports & studies | E/ESCWA/EDGD/2012/5 | January 2012
ESCWA technical cooperation menu: delivering a broad range of expertise to member countries
Publication
Information material | E/ESCWA/PPTCD/2011/Brochure.1 | January 2011
Introducing the information and communication technology division
Publication
Information material | E/ESCWA/ICTD/2011/Brochure.3 | January 2011
ESCWA Annual Report, 2008
Publication
Flagship publications | E/ESCWA/OES/2009/1 | January 2009Report of the Technical Committee on its First Meeting
Publication
Meeting reports | E/ESCWA/2008/C.1/4 | January 2008
ESCWA technical cooperation report, 2006
Publication
Reports & studies | E/ESCWA/PPTCD/2007/Technical Material.1 | January 2007
Review of Sustainable Development and Productivity, Issue No. 4
Publication
Reports & studies | E/ESCWA/SDPD/2005/14 | January 2005
Progress Made by ESCWA Member Countries in the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus
Publication
Reports & studies | E/ESCWA/GRID/2005/5 | January 2005